Residual toxicity of selected insecticides on Aphis gossypii and their safety limits on honeybees

Abstract Evaluation studies were carried out to simulate realistic field exposures of sulfoxaflor and flonicamid against Aphis gossypii at foraging time Apis mellifera . Semi-field trials rates A. laboratory strain 48 h exposure had equipollent overall mean mortality 62.50 63.50%, respectively in season 2020, likewise 60.50 62.50%, 2021. Lethal values (LT 1 ) ranges 51.33–32.46 days for 49.00–39.55 flonicamid. Laboratory on honeybees (∼21 old) 5 showed an excellence (5.00%) compared (2.75%) 2020. Likewise, (4.75%) surpassed The highest LT s reached 27.45 10.94 days, respectively. International Organization Biological Control classified both insecticides be harmless honeybees. Survival bees exposed LD 50 the tested malformed digestive tracts gradually vanished along week exposure. Suggestions foliar spray stoppages prior flowering period mentioned insecticides.